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The Mecca alliance meets the Red Sea – Saudi Arabia’s new defense pact faces its first major test
  • Commentary
  • The Mecca alliance meets the Red Sea – Saudi Arabia’s new defense pact faces its first major test

    When Saudi Arabia, Turkey and Pakistan agreed to a mutual defense pact in August, it was principally seen as a political commitment. The “Mecca alliance,” as it was dubbed, stipulated that an armed attack on one would be treated as an attack on all three, accompanied by deeper military cooperation.

    The Middle East Beyond the Iran War
  • Report
  • The Middle East Beyond the Iran War

    This article is part of a collection of short essays written by the Fellows of the Middle East Institute to explore aspects of the ongoing war with Iran. The intent of the collection is to help readers see new and unexpected elements of the dynamics and impact of the ongoing hostilities and to think harder, deeper, and broader about the implications of the conflict.

    September 28, 2026

    Yemen: The Houthis’ Role in the Next Evolution of the Axis of Resistance
  • Analysis
  • Yemen: The Houthis’ Role in the Next Evolution of the Axis of Resistance

    The outbreak of the war with Iran demonstrated the strategic value of maritime chokepoints in the Islamic Republic’s confrontation with the United States. But as Tehran’s strategy of using the Strait of Hormuz to pressure Washington seems to be backfiring, Iran is working with the Houthis to strengthen its leverage over another strategic chokepoint: the Bab el-Mandeb. The recent escalation in Yemen should be viewed within this context.

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    Why isn’t Arab literature popular in Iran?
    Photo by Rouzbeh Fouladi/NurPhoto via Getty Images
  • Analysis
  • Why isn’t Arab literature popular in Iran?

    Unfortunately, many distinguished Arab writers are unknown to the majority of Iranian readers and their works are not available in Persian. Arab literature has largely been neglected in the Iranian literary translation market.

    May 12, 2020

    Iraq special briefing: The challenges facing Prime Minister Mustafa al-Kadhimi
    Photo by Murtadha Al-Sudani/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images
  • Commentary
  • Iraq special briefing: The challenges facing Prime Minister Mustafa al-Kadhimi

    Six scholars from across MEI take a closer look at the challenges facing Iraq’s new prime minister, from the protest movement and Baghdad-Erbil relations to the balancing act between Washington and Tehran.

    May 12, 2020

    Covid-19: Hitting Iran’s minorities harder
  • Analysis
  • Covid-19: Hitting Iran’s minorities harder

    Initial data of Covid-19 mortality rates in the United States suggest that in several regions and cities, the virus hits minority communities harder than the general population. A similar trend has emerged in the Islamic Republic of Iran where published data indicates Iran’s ethnic minorities have higher Covid-19 fatality rates than the general Iranian population.

    April 17, 2020

    The U.S.-Iran showdown: Clashing strategic universes amid a changing region
  • Analysis
  • The U.S.-Iran showdown: Clashing strategic universes amid a changing region

    The United States and Iran are poised for a showdown. Understanding where we are today with this conflict and where we are likely to go in the future requires that we look at the conflicting strategic doctrines between the United States and Iran against a backdrop of a shifting Middle East.

    Iran and the economic fallout of COVID-19
    Photo by Majid Saeedi/Getty Images
  • Analysis
  • Iran and the economic fallout of COVID-19

    COVID-19 presents a major threat to the global economy and the health of millions of people around the world, but its impact on Iran, one of the early epicenters of the outbreak, has been particularly severe.

    April 14, 2020

    Iran’s Unconventional Alliance Network in the Middle East and Beyond
    Photo by Morteza Nikoubazl/NurPhoto via Getty Images
  • Analysis
  • Iran’s Unconventional Alliance Network in the Middle East and Beyond

    The Islamic Republic’s unconventional alliance network reaches far and wide, and its workings have only intensified since the killing of Gen. Qassem Soleimani in early January 2020. The systematic effort to consolidate these alliances, indicated by the swift appointment of Gen. Esmail Qaani and his new deputy Gen. Mohammad Hosseinzadeh Hejazi to lead the Quds Force, is about much more than just retaliation and revenge against the United States. It is also, and perhaps more importantly, a calibrated response to the Trump administration’s reckless and escalatory changes to the established “rules of engagement” between Washington and Tehran.

    April 7, 2020

    Blurring the lines: The case of the Nakhsa Warriors
    Photo by Rouzbeh Fouladi/NurPhoto via Getty Images
  • Analysis
  • Blurring the lines: The case of the Nakhsa Warriors

    Blurring the lines between the physical world and the online one, the Iranian group known as the “Nakhsa Warriors” remains cloaked in mystery. Their identity and status are unclear. Are they a military force that carries out operations, an online group of like-minded individuals that share content, part of an Iranian disinformation campaign — or perhaps something else altogether?

    April 7, 2020

    How Iran and Turkey are coping with COVID-19
    Middle East Institute
  • Podcast
  • How Iran and Turkey are coping with COVID-19

    Gonul Tol and Alex Vatanka join host Alistair Taylor to discuss how the coronavirus pandemic is affecting Iran, one of the first countries hit by the outbreak, and Turkey, where it arrived later but has since spread rapidly.

    April 3, 2020

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    The oldest peer-reviewed publication dedicated to the study of the modern Middle East, MEI’s flagship journal covers politics, society, and culture in the region.