Research & Commentary

Read in-depth research, analysis, and commentary from MEI’s fellows and experts on the Middle East. 

Trump’s South Caucasus Peacemaking Is His Most Successful, but It Remains Unfinished
  • Commentary

    • Trump’s South Caucasus Peacemaking Is His Most Successful, but It Remains Unfinished

    Of all the fronts in President Trump’s peacemaking agenda, the South Caucasus has delivered the most concrete results. The August 2025 Washington Declaration, signed between Armenia and Azerbaijan and witnessed by Trump, marked an important step toward peace in the region. The two sides initialed a peace agreement and advanced plans to unblock regional connectivity, including through the establishment of the Trump Route for International Peace and Prosperity (TRIPP), which would connect Azerbaijan to its Nakhijevan exclave through southern Armenia. Implementation of TRIPP has since made notable progress, but construction has yet to start. A breakthrough on those two tracks would, in turn, unlock Armenia–Türkiye normalization, transforming a long-fractured region into an area of trade and interdependence.

    The Iran War Was Always About Regime Change
  • Commentary

    • The Iran War Was Always About Regime Change

    Wars don’t just end. They get interpreted, reinterpreted, and turned into strategic doctrine. That is what happened after the Iran-Iraq War of the 1980s, a conflict that saw the United States back Tehran’s Iraqi adversaries. The war taught Tehran three lessons it never unlearned: that Washington wants the Islamic Republic gone, that Iran stands essentially alone in the world, and that it cannot survive a direct, overt fight with the U.S. and Israel.

    Iran’s New War Cabinet Is Really an Old One
  • Analysis

    • Iran’s New War Cabinet Is Really an Old One

    Within 48 hours this week, Iran filled six of the most important posts in its battered military and security establishment. Read together with the biographies and mandates behind them, the appointments show how Tehran is drawing lessons from successive wars and preparing for a prolonged period of insecurity, without proving it has abandoned negotiation.

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    Israeli Settlements in the West Bank
  • Backgrounder

    • Israeli Settlements in the West Bank

    Since 1967, Israeli settlements in the West Bank have been a contested feature of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The ultimate disposition of the settlements and ongoing activity related to their growth have repeatedly defied agreement in negotiations over a resolution to the conflict.

    June 9, 2026

    The Houthis
  • Backgrounder

    • The Houthis

    The Houthis are a political-military faction and Zaydi religious movement founded in northwestern Yemen in the 1980s. A key member of Iran’s Axis of Resistance with links to other militant organizations in the Arabian Peninsula and the Horn of Africa, the group has continued to pose a threat to Western interests on a global scale.

    May 15, 2026

    The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor
  • Backgrounder

    • The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor

    The India-Middle East-Europe Economic Corridor (IMEC) is a proposed multinational infrastructure initiative aimed at upgrading connectivity between the three regions through integrated trade, energy, and digital networks. Announced at the G20 summit in New Delhi in September 2023, IMEC is envisioned partially as a counterweight to China’s international infrastructure project, the Belt and Road Initiative.

    June 3, 2026

    Turkish Foreign Policy
  • Backgrounder

    • Turkish Foreign Policy

    After a decade of post-Arab Spring isolation, Turkey’s leaders have recognized that their ambition to position the country as an agenda-setter on the world stage requires active engagement in all directions. President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s consolidation of executive authority has centralized foreign policy decision-making and tied it to his domestic political priorities, transforming the country’s revisionist approach to one shaped primarily by personal and pragmatic interests.

    April 23, 2026

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    China’s Iraq Oil Strategy Comes Into Sharper Focus
    Middle East Institute
  • Analysis

    • China’s Iraq Oil Strategy Comes Into Sharper Focus

    “…Despite the inherent risks in dealing with complex and unstable markets such as Iraq, Chinese investors have been gaining a foothold in the country’s energy sector and in doing so have begun to face a unique set of challenges. In addition to having to navigate a tumultuous political and security environment, China is engaging a country that for a long period of time remained effectively under U.S. military occupation even as the central Iraqi government operated under a framework of limited sovereignty …

    May 10, 2013

    Chris Zambelis

    Has the Syria Threat Cooled?
    Middle East Institute
  • Analysis

    • Has the Syria Threat Cooled?

    This article was originally published on Salon.com on May 10, 2013

    Watching Syria is like looking through a kaleidoscope. The picture seems to change dramatically in response to the slightest jolt, but the components remain the same. The past week has seen lots of jolts, but no real change in the elements that make up the sad picture.

    May 10, 2013

    Daniel Serwer

    Iraq's Oil Sector Open for Business: The Asia Connection
    Middle East Institute
  • Analysis

    • Iraq's Oil Sector Open for Business: The Asia Connection

    Post-occupation Iraq’s oil production ― buoyed by the existence of vast unexploited reserves ― is resurgent. Asian national oil companies (NOCs), which tend to be less risk averse than many of their Western counterparts, are increasingly making their presence felt.

    May 10, 2013

    Sujata Ashwarya Cheema Cheema

    What Pakistan’s Democratic Future Holds for the United States
  • Analysis

    • What Pakistan’s Democratic Future Holds for the United States

    With elections set to take place on May 11, Pakistan stands at an important juncture of its history. The Election Commission of Pakistan, arguably the most independent and impartial that the country has had, is working diligently to ensure that the electoral process is free and fair. A democratically elected government could, for the first time in Pakistan’s history, relinquish power to another civilian government. Such a development, which marks a new phase in the Pakistan’s democratic struggle, indicates the need for a reassessment of U.S.

    May 9, 2013

    Ishrat Saleem

    The International Response to Syria's Humanitarian Catastrophe
    Middle East Institute
  • Podcast

    • The International Response to Syria's Humanitarian Catastrophe

    Tue, 5/7/2013 12:15 pm to 1:15 pmLocation: Carnegie Endowment – Root Room1779 Massachusetts Ave NWWashingtonDistrict of Columbia20036 The Middle East Institute is pleased to welcome Valerie Amos, the UN under-secretary-general for Humanitarian Affairs, for a discussion about the humanitarian crisis inside Syria. Now in its second year, the Syrian conflict has generated more than 1.3 million refugees and left 4.25 million internally displaced. According to the UN, some 6.8 million people are in desperate need of assistance.

    May 8, 2013

    The International Response to Syria's Humanitarian Catastrophe
    Middle East Institute
  • Podcast

    • The International Response to Syria's Humanitarian Catastrophe

    Tue, 5/7/2013 12:15 pm to 1:15 pmLocation: Carnegie Endowment – Root Room1779 Massachusetts Ave NWWashingtonDistrict of Columbia20036 The Middle East Institute is pleased to welcome Valerie Amos, the UN under-secretary-general for Humanitarian Affairs, for a discussion about the humanitarian crisis inside Syria. Now in its second year, the Syrian conflict has generated more than 1.3 million refugees and left 4.25 million internally displaced. According to the UN, some 6.8 million people are in desperate need of assistance.

    May 8, 2013

    The International Response to Syria's Humanitarian Catastrophe
    Middle East Institute
  • Podcast

    • The International Response to Syria's Humanitarian Catastrophe

    Tue, 5/7/2013 12:15 pm to 1:15 pmLocation: Carnegie Endowment – Root Room1779 Massachusetts Ave NWWashingtonDistrict of Columbia20036 The Middle East Institute is pleased to welcome Valerie Amos, the UN under-secretary-general for Humanitarian Affairs, for a discussion about the humanitarian crisis inside Syria. Now in its second year, the Syrian conflict has generated more than 1.3 million refugees and left 4.25 million internally displaced. According to the UN, some 6.8 million people are in desperate need of assistance.

    May 8, 2013

    The International Response to Syria's Humanitarian Catastrophe
    Middle East Institute
  • Podcast

    • The International Response to Syria's Humanitarian Catastrophe

    Tue, 5/7/2013 12:15 pm to 1:15 pmLocation: Carnegie Endowment – Root Room1779 Massachusetts Ave NWWashingtonDistrict of Columbia20036 The Middle East Institute is pleased to welcome Valerie Amos, the UN under-secretary-general for Humanitarian Affairs, for a discussion about the humanitarian crisis inside Syria. Now in its second year, the Syrian conflict has generated more than 1.3 million refugees and left 4.25 million internally displaced. According to the UN, some 6.8 million people are in desperate need of assistance.

    May 8, 2013

    Debunking Five Myths of Washington’s Leverage in Egypt
  • Analysis

    • Debunking Five Myths of Washington’s Leverage in Egypt

    This article was first published by Al-Monitor on April 28,  2013 

    Assertions and opinions in this publication are solely those of the above-mentioned author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Middle East Institute, which expressly does not take positions on Middle East policy.

    May 7, 2013

    Mohamed Elmenshawy

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