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Research & Commentary

Read in-depth research, analysis, and commentary from MEI’s fellows and experts on the Middle East. 

The Collapse of ISIS in Syria
  • Analysis
  • The Collapse of ISIS in Syria

    ISIS appears to have collapsed in Syria in the wake of the SDF’s military defeat and subsequent integration, followed by the withdrawal of US troops. To the extent that the US prioritizes the group’s enduring defeat in the country, a relationship centered in Damascus is the best way to achieve it.

    Additional Research & Commentary

    Backgrounders

    The Houthis
  • Backgrounder
  • The Houthis

    The Houthis are a political-military faction and Zaydi religious movement founded in northwestern Yemen in the 1980s. A key member of Iran’s Axis of Resistance with links to other militant organizations in the Arabian Peninsula and the Horn of Africa, the group has continued to pose a threat to Western interests on a global scale.

    May 15, 2026

    The Abraham Accords
    Photo by Alex Wong/Getty Images
  • Backgrounder
  • The Abraham Accords

    This backgrounder provides an overview of how the Abraham Accords came about, the US interests involved, their economic and strategic consequences, and the prospects for further enlargement going forward.

    November 17, 2025

    Turkish Foreign Policy
  • Backgrounder
  • Turkish Foreign Policy

    After a decade of post-Arab Spring isolation, Turkey’s leaders have recognized that their ambition to position the country as an agenda-setter on the world stage requires active engagement in all directions. President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan’s consolidation of executive authority has centralized foreign policy decision-making and tied it to his domestic political priorities, transforming the country’s revisionist approach to one shaped primarily by personal and pragmatic interests.

    April 23, 2026

    Western Sahara: Why the conflict still matters
  • Video
  • Western Sahara: Why the conflict still matters

    As the Western Sahara conflict reaches its fifth decade, the territorial dispute remains unresolved and largely unknown. MEI’s Intissar Fakir unpacks the Western Sahara’s complex history and the rival claims by Morocco and the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. She examines recent developments, such as President Trump’s recognition of Moroccan sovereignty over the territory and the collapse of a 30-year cease-fire, as well as the core questions that remain unanswered after half a century.

    August 7, 2025

    Podcasts

    Middle East Focus

    MEI’s flagship weekly podcast on US foreign policy and contemporary political and social issues in the Middle East.

    Taking the Edge Off the Middle East

    MEI Senior Fellow Brian Katulis engages friends, colleagues, and policy experts in casual conversations on the most important happenings in the Middle East. 

    Rethinking Democracy

    MEI Senior Fellow Gonul Tol hosts leading scholars and thought leaders on global democracy trends and the state of the liberal international order. 

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    8724 Results
    Eight billion and counting, for now
    Photo by Gehad Hamdy/picture alliance via Getty Images
  • Commentary
  • Eight billion and counting, for now

    The starkness of reaching 8 billion in global population, as the U.N.’s report announced last week, makes it easy to think the numerical increase is the only story, but no trend can be considered in isolation. Three factors, none of which are MENA demographic trends, will be significant determinants of whether the region will be able to realize a hoped-for “demographic dividend.”

    November 21, 2022

    Iranians need more than condemnation in Geneva; they want recognition of their right to democracy
    Photo by Mykhaylo Palinchak/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images
  • Commentary
  • Iranians need more than condemnation in Geneva; they want recognition of their right to democracy

    As the U.N. Human Rights Council convenes in Geneva this week, it may be tempting to just focus on the rights of women and girls and make demands of the regime that Tehran will inevitably ignore. But instead, the HRC members should focus on how the international community can give the protesters a much-needed psychological and political boost.

    November 21, 2022

    US priorities in Sudan: Stability or democracy?
    Photo by ASHRAF SHAZLY/AFP via Getty Images
  • Analysis
  • US priorities in Sudan: Stability or democracy?

    Sudan is geostrategically important to U.S. interests in both Africa and the Middle East. The country’s military rulers, Lt.-Gen. Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and his deputy Lt.-Gen. Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo (also known as “Hemedti”), are banking on that fact as they seek to press the Biden administration to focus its Sudan policy on stability, rather than supporting calls for democracy.

    November 21, 2022

    The Israeli election results are not a seismic shift — it’s worse than that
    Photographer: Kobi Wolf/Bloomberg via Getty Images
  • Analysis
  • The Israeli election results are not a seismic shift — it’s worse than that

    Over the years, recognition of clear, long-term, and structural developments in how the Jewish Israeli electorate votes has been neglected, glossed over, or lost behind reactions to electoral cycles. And the pro/anti-Netanyahu paradigm — which routinely serves as a crude substitute for “right” versus “left” — has helped delay a reckoning and a fork in the road for a host of constituencies.

    November 17, 2022

    Up for debate again: Politics and the headscarf in Turkey
    Erhan Demirtas/Bloomberg via Getty Images
  • Analysis
  • Up for debate again: Politics and the headscarf in Turkey

    On Sept. 30, 2013, then Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdoğan announced what he termed a “democratization package,” which lifted the decades-old ban on women wearing headscarves in many state institutions. A month later, when four female MPs wearing headscarves walked into the Turkish parliament, many thought the long-running controversy on the issue was finally over. But the headscarf recently returned to the center of the Turkish political debate when the leader of the main secularist opposition party, Kemal Kılıçdaroğlu, announced that he would introduce legislation to protect that right.

    فهم المنطق خلف عنف النظام السوري
    Photo by LOUAI BESHARA/AFP via Getty Images
  • Commentary
  • فهم المنطق خلف عنف النظام السوري

    على الرغم من التوثيق الجيد لاضطهاد الدولة السورية وعنفها ضد السكان من خلال الكم الهائل من شهادات الضحايا طوال النزاع المسلح الذي استمر أكثر من ١١ عامًا في عموم البلد، يبقى المنطق خلف هذا العنف مفهوماً بشكل أقل – من هم المستهدفين من قبل النظام وما هي الأضرار الناتجة هذا الاستهداف؟ ولماذا يستمر العنف والاضطهاد ضد بعض الجماعات حتى بعد انخفاض الأعمال العدائية المباشرة، أو حتى بعد لجوء هذه الجماعات خارج البلاد؟

    Understanding the logic behind the Syrian regime’s violence
    LOUAI BESHARA/AFP via Getty Images
  • Analysis
  • Understanding the logic behind the Syrian regime’s violence

    The Syrian state’s persecution of the population has been well documented throughout the country’s more than 11-year conflict. Less well understood is the logic behind the violence — who the regime targets and why they inflict such harm. Why do violence and persecution continue against some groups, even after a reduction in immediate conflict hostilities or when they now live as refugees outside of the country?

    The victory of Israel’s extreme right: Implications for citizens’ rights and Israeli-US relations
    Photo by Eyad Tawil/Anadolu Agency via Getty Images
  • Analysis
  • The victory of Israel’s extreme right: Implications for citizens’ rights and Israeli-US relations

    Since winning the Israeli elections on Nov. 1, Benjamin Netanyahu leads a bloc that is ideologically homogeneous in ways never before seen, with a majority of religious nationalists and ultra-Orthodox parties set to enter government and likely to work cohesively for the next four years, unlike in the past.

    November 11, 2022

    Frozen Syria? Assessing the state of play and opportunities for engagement
    Photo by BAKR ALKASEM/AFP via Getty Images
  • Analysis
  • Frozen Syria? Assessing the state of play and opportunities for engagement

    Russia’s Feb. 24 invasion of Ukraine has given rise to speculation that it might fully withdraw from Syria, creating a power vacuum that could ignite new fighting. Yet these fears are likely misplaced and a deeper examination of the current state of Syria reveals unique opportunities for engagement from the international community.

    November 10, 2022

    In Turkish-Russian relations, the Ukraine grain deal is not the point
    The image is courtesy of the author.
  • Analysis
  • In Turkish-Russian relations, the Ukraine grain deal is not the point

    The Ukraine grain export deal, which Turkey helped mediate over the summer, was saved last week to much fanfare; but the central unaddressed issue remains lifting Russia’s illegal blockade of Ukrainian ports, so Ukraine can freely trade with the world.

    November 9, 2022

    Syria’s Failings Should Guide Misdirected Iran Policy
    Photo by Ammar Safarjalani/Xinhua via Getty Images
  • Commentary
  • Syria’s Failings Should Guide Misdirected Iran Policy

    If the West is committed to not repeat the mistakes of the past, it can forge a third way that honors the protestors and rejects the tyrants in Tehran.

    November 8, 2022

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