Research & Commentary Results

As the world watches and waits to see whether the conflict between Israel and Iran escalates into a wider war and whether the United States gets more directly involved, Americans remain sharply divided and mostly distracted by events closer to home, for now.

The evolving confrontation with Israel and the United States places the Islamic Republic of Iran at a critical inflection point. Tehran faces choices that range from limited negotiation and strategic restraint to escalation and eventual collapse. The following analysis explores the key scenarios that could unfold in the coming days, weeks, and years.

Senior Fellow Alex Vatanka joins hosts Alistair Taylor and Matthew Czekaj to examine the dramatic escalation between Israel and Iran following Israel’s targeted strikes on Iranian nuclear sites, infrastructure, and senior IRGC officials. Vatanka discusses how the Iranian regime is responding, the risk of wider regional conflict, and whether the current campaign could mark the beginning of the end for the Islamic Republic.

The past four days have clarified much about what Israel wants from this conflict, what Iran can and cannot do to fight back, and what decisions confront the American president over the next few days.

On May 23, President Donald Trump’s administration suspended the majority of sanctions on Syria, marking the most sweeping shift in the policy of the United States toward Damascus in over a decade. But lifting sanctions will not magically make Syria safe for return. For millions of displaced Syrians, their country remains a minefield — literally and bureaucratically.

Following the fall of Bashar al-Assad’s regime on Dec. 8, 2024, after the rebel military operation “Deterrence of Aggression” and the establishment of a transitional government, Ahmed al-Sharaa, Syria’s interim president, quickly began working to form a unified national army, dismantle the existing factions, and centralize all weapons under the authority of the state in an effort to address one of the most pressing challenges facing his administration. While several initial moves have been completed, important steps in this complicated process are still pending. This article highlights the current developments surrounding the formation of the new army, including progress achieved to date and key challenges going forward.

The spotlight in America this week is trained on the home front, with growing tensions inside the country over President Donald Trump’s immigration crackdown and a showdown unfolding on the streets of Los Angeles. At times like these, the rest of the world has a way of intruding, sometimes unexpectedly, and Trump 2.0’s foreign policy is still struggling to produce a major positive outcome from its frenetic activity trying to end kinetic wars while prosecuting an unprecedented economic war with much of the rest of the world.

What’s next for Gaza—and for Israel? In this episode of Middle East Focus, hosts Alistair Taylor and Matthew Czekaj sit down with Ghaith al-Omari, senior fellow at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy and former advisor to the Palestinian Authority, to unpack the urgent humanitarian crisis gripping Gaza, the impact of Israeli settlement expansion, and what these developments mean for the future of the region.

What has been unfolding in the Gaza Strip for millions of Palestinians is the direct consequence of the failures of political leaders who are ignoring best practices for the delivery of aid to innocent people caught in the crosshairs of a complicated war. Without a major shift in the current approach, the already dire conditions are only likely to deteriorate further going forward.

MEI Senior Fellow Charles Lister joins hosts Alistair Taylor and Matthew Czekaj to discuss the Trump administration’s dramatic reversal of four decades of US policy toward Syria. Following President Trump’s May 2025 meeting with Syrian President Ahmad al-Sharaa and the issuance of a new general license and 180-day waiver of Caesar Act sanctions, the episode explores the implications of this policy shift. What does this mean for Syria’s recovery and reconstruction? How are regional actors like Turkey, Israel, and the Gulf states responding?

الواقع القاسي للتهديدات والتحديات التي تواجهها المنطقة، مثل إيران وحرب غزة، لا يزال قائماً بثبات بعد ضجة جولة ترامب "الربيعية" التي تميزت بأرقام مذهلة بالدولار وعرض طائرة جامبو فاخرة من قطر.

Ambassador Dennis Ross joins host Brian Katulis to break down what President Trump’s recent trip through Saudi Arabia, the UAE, and Qatar revealed about the administration’s approach to foreign policy in the Middle East—and what it means for the future of the region. They discuss the significance and substance behind the announced mega-deals, what’s really going on with Iran and the Houthi ceasefire, and how Trump is handling relations with Israel amid the ongoing war in Gaza.

هناك تطوران حديثان يمنحان الحكومة السورية الجديدة فرصة حاسمة لتحقيق الاستقرار في البلاد. أولاً، أعلن الرئيس الأمريكي دونالد ترامب عن خطط لرفع العقوبات عن سوريا. ثانياً، أعلن حزب العمال الكردستاني أنه سيحل نفسه ويصفي نفسه - وهي خطوة ستساعد دمشق على إبرام اتفاق مع قوات سوريا الديمقراطية ودمجها في الجيش الوطني السوري الجديد. يجب على الرئيس ترامب أن يستفيد من هذا الزخم ويغتنم الفرصة لمعالجة أحد أكثر التحديات تعقيداً التي لا تزال تواجه سوريا: خطر حدوث مواجهة عسكرية بين تركيا وإسرائيل داخل البلاد.

كان أحد المحاور الاستراتيجية في الأشهر الأولى من ولاية ترامب الثانية هو تعميق التعاون الاقتصادي بين الولايات المتحدة والاقتصادات الرائدة في منطقة الخليج. وبالتالي، أسفرت المرحلة الأولى من رحلته إلى المنطقة عن وضع نموذج لتعميق العلاقات بين الولايات المتحدة والسعودية.

يتصارع المحافظون الجدد وأنصار سياسة العزلة من أنصار حركة "اجعل أمريكا عظيمة مرة أخرى" على استراتيجية الحزب الجمهوري. ولا يظهر هذا الانقسام بشكل أكثر وضوحاً من انقسامهم حول الشرق الأوسط: فالصقور يرونه ساحة لإثبات قوة أمريكا وولائها لإسرائيل، بينما لا يرى أنصار سياسة العزلة فيه سوى حروب لا نهاية لها استنزفت أمريكا. فأين يقف ترامب في هذا الصراع؟